The Boundaries of Multinational Enterprises and the Theory of International Trade
回顾跨国公司的实证证据，基于知识资本概念构建一般均衡模型解释跨国生产，并分析为何企业偏好内部技术转移而非市场交易。
This paper begins with a review of empirical evidence on multinational firms. Conceptual underpinnings of a theory are developed, relying in particular on the notion of knowledge capital as a mobile, joint input into geographically separated production facilities. This idea is embedded in a simple two-country general equilibrium model that supports multinational production in equilibrium under conditions consistent with the empirical evidence. The final section examines internalization and shows why certain properties of knowledge capital also imply a preference for transferring technologies internally within the firm, rather than through arm's-length markets.