A Preliminary Typology of Organizational Learning: Synthesizing the Literature
基于自愿主义与决定论、方法性与涌现性两大对比，构建了组织学习的类型学，识别出六种学习模式，并生成关于其适用情境、典型结果和关系的假设。
Two fundamental contrasts among major organizational paradigms are used to construct a typology of organizational learning: these are voluntarism vs. determinism, and methodical vs. emergent behavior. Six kinds of learning are identified: the methodical modes, in descending order of voluntarism, include analytic, experimental and structural learning. The emergent modes, again in descending order of voluntarism, include synthetic, interactive and institutional learning. Hypotheses are generated about the appropriate contexts, typical outcomes and common relationships among these kinds of learning.