Entrepreneurial Subjectivities and Gendered Complexities: Neoliberal Citizenship in Turkey
基于2011-12年对土耳其两个促进女性创业的民间组织的参与观察和访谈，揭示了新自由主义理念如何与劳动、责任和性别观念互动，以及这些项目在构建新自由主义公民主体时产生的矛盾。
This contribution explores the promotion of women's entrepreneurial activities in Turkey. Using participant observation and semi-structured interviews conducted during 2011–12 in two civil-society organizations that run programs fostering women's entrepreneurship, this study shows how neoliberal ideologies interact with ideas of labor, responsibility, and gender. Emphasizing individual rationalities and entrepreneurial attitudes, these civil-society programs contribute to the construction of model subjects of neoliberal citizenship, who are expected to be self-governing and self-sufficient. Yet problems embedded in the neoliberal paradigm and these particular organizations’ commitment to women's rights produce contradictions in implementation. The goal of entrepreneurial women is predicated on the assumption that women contribute more to their families’ well-being than men. The programs’ attempts to construct potential entrepreneurs out of women for this purpose reveal problems with discourses of individual self-sufficiency and responsibility.