Fiscal versus Traditional Market Variables in Canadian Migration
检验了传统市场变量对加拿大移民的影响是否随时间减弱，归因于社会保障项目挤出了市场激励，导致劳动力流动对就业机会等反应变弱。
This paper evaluates the hypothesis that the influence of "traditional" market variables on migration in Canada has diminished over time. This is attributed to a crowding-out process whereby growth of social security--type programs has cushioned the effects of, say, unemployment and thus motivation to migrate for jobs, and fiscal policies have exerted unintended effects. Implications are that market forces that would work naturally to induce migration from low-to high-income regions (and thus equalize earned incomes) have been short-circuited and that traditional tools of manpower policy for influencing migration, such as job creation, skill enhancement, or wages, are less effective currently than they might have been in the past.