Point/Nonpoint Source Trading of Pollution Abatement: Choosing the Right Trading Ratio
构建模型分析点源与非点源污染减排交易中的最优交易比率，发现该比率取决于两类源的执法成本差异和非点源负荷的不确定性，且不确定性并不必然要求交易比率有下限。
Abstract In programs for trading pollution abatement between point and nonpoint sources, the trading ratio specifies the rate at which nonpoint source abatement can be substituted for point source abatement. The appropriate value of this ratio is unclear because of qualitative differences between the two classes of sources. To identify the optimal trading ratio, we develop and analyze a model of point/nonpoint trading. We find the optimal trading ratio depends on the relative costs of enforcing point versus nonpoint reductions and on the uncertainty associated with nonpoint loadings. The uncertainty does not imply a lower bound for the optimal trading ratio.