Social Darwinism: A Determinant of Nuclear Arms Policy and Action
通过对679人的问卷调查，发现社会达尔文主义信念越强的人越支持核武器和好战政策，而信念弱的人更支持核裁军与和平政策，且后者更可能采取政治行动。
A quota sample of 679 people completed a questionnaire about their view of the world, their preferred nuclear defense policy, and their political activity. Results showed that people with a low adherence to a social Darwinist world view favored nuclear disarmament and a nonbelligerent defense policy, whereas people with a high adherence favored nuclear arms and a belligerent defense policy. The results also showed that, irrespective of a benign or hostile world view, people's feelings of learned helplessness erected a barrier to political action. But, people lower on social Darwinism overcame the barrier and engaged in more political action than people higher on social Darwinism; and these people were more inclined to vote for, or change their political allegiance to vote for a party that favored nuclear disarmament. The findings demonstrate the importance of social Darwinism as an ideology determining preferred nuclear arms policy and political action and commitment. Also, the findings provide some support for Tomkins's polarity theory.