The New “American Challenge”: Foreign Multinationals in the United States
研究了欧洲和日本企业在美国投资时面临的管理难题，包括进入和运营阶段的挑战，并提出了应对原则。
In 1960s, presence of firms in Europe was described as the Challenge. Now, as European and Japanese firms have rapidly increased their investment in United States, they face a new American Challenge— how to deal with many problems of managing their U.S. affiliates. Some challenges are encountered at entry and include difficulties of managing on a large scale, intensity of competition in U.S., and problems inherent in managing acquisitions. However, once affiliate has been established, other problems are encountered: hiring and developing local managers, cross-cultural problems stemming from an tendency for independence, and organized difficulties given size of U.S. affiliate. This article offers a set of principles to help foreign MNCs deal with these many challenges. As these firms learn to manage more effectively in U.S., they will pose an increasing challenge to firms on their home ground.