Zero expenditures and the estimation of engel curves
探讨预算调查中短期记录支出可能误导真实消费的问题，针对线性恩格尔曲线提出一种一致估计方法，适用于处理零支出数据。
Abstract Over the brief interview periods typical of budget surveys (such as the U.K. Family Expenditure Survey) households' recorded expenditures are liable to be misleading indicators of their underlying consumption. Most starkly, a household may not be observed to purchase commodities that it nevertheless consumes. This paper considers the implications of such measurement errors for the estimation of demand systems, and derives a consistent estimator for the special case of linear Engel curves.