“Momma's Got the Pill”: How Anthony Comstock and Griswold v. Connecticut Shaped US Childbearing
利用19世纪末康斯托克法规的措辞差异，量化了避孕药对1960年后美国已婚夫妇生育率下降的加速作用，为人口转型提供了新证据。
The 1960s ushered in a new era in US demographic history characterized by significantly lower fertility rates and smaller family sizes. What catalyzed these changes remains a matter of considerable debate. This paper exploits idiosyncratic variation in the language of “Comstock” statutes, enacted in the late 1800s, to quantify the role of the birth control pill in this transition. Almost 50 years after the contraceptive pill appeared on the US market, this analysis provides new evidence that it accelerated the post-1960 decline in marital fertility.