Open Skies: Estimating Travelers' Benefits from Free Trade in Airline Services
建立国际航空竞争模型，估计开放天空协议对票价和航班频率的影响，发现协议每年为旅客带来至少40亿美元收益，若美国与更多国家达成协议，旅客还将额外获得40亿美元收益。
The United States has negotiated bilateral open skies agreements to deregulate airline competition on US international routes, but little is known about their effects on travelers' welfare and the gains from the US negotiating agreements with more countries. We develop a model of international airline competition to estimate the effects of open skies agreements on fares and flight frequency. We find the agreements have generated at least $4 billion in annual gains to travelers and that travelers would gain an additional $4 billion if the US negotiated agreements with other countries that have a significant amount of international passenger traffic.