The Extent of Nontariff Barriers to Industrial Countries' Imports
研究了16个工业国进口中非关税壁垒的覆盖范围，发现27%的进口和超过34%来自发展中国家的进口受其影响，且1981-1983年间非关税壁垒显著增加。
This paper examines the extent of non-tariffs barriers to sixteen industrial countries' imports. Using three alternative measures it shows that governmental commodity-specific border-measures affect 27% of all imports and over 34% of imports from developing countries. It also shows that during the period 1981-1983,NTBs became significantly more extensive. Detailed statistics reveal considerable variations in NTB coverage by commodity, type of barrier, importer and exporter. The data on which these conclusions are based are compiled from official information at the finest level of disaggregation; they are described in the paper.