Imperfect Information and the Equitability of Competitive Prices
研究卖家对买家成本信息不完全时竞争定价的公平性，提出衡量定价不公平的横向和纵向维度，发现信息改善通常降低纵向不公平，但初始信息差时可能增加横向不公平。
In many markets, sellers have imperfect information about the costs of sales to different buyers, and the pattern of competitive pricing depends on the information available. In order to analyze the equity implications of public policies requiring information suppression, non-utilitarian measures of the horizontal and vertical dimensions of pricing inequity caused by cross-subsidization are proposed and examined. Better information generally reduces vertical inequity, but if information about buyers is initially poor, additional imperfect information may increase horizontal inequity. If information is initially good, more information generally lowers both dimensions of inequity.