Horizontal equity in utilisation of care and fairness of health financing: a comparison of micro‐health insurance and user fees in Rwanda
比较了卢旺达微型健康保险和用户付费两种支付方式对医疗服务利用公平性和贫困的影响，发现保险覆盖者就诊率更高，但用户付费者面临横向不公平。
This paper uses two methods to compare the impact of health care payments under insurance and user fees. Concentration indices for insured and uninsured groups are computed following the indirect standardisation method to evaluate horizontal inequity in utilisation of basic health care services. The minimum standard approach analyses the extent to which out-of-pocket health spending contributed to increased poverty. The analysis uses cross-sectional household survey data collected in Rwanda in 2000 in the context of the introduction of community-based health insurance. Results indicate that health spending had a small impact on the socio-economic situation of uninsured and insured households; however, this is at the expense of horizontal inequity in utilisation of care for user-fee paying individuals who reported significantly lower visit rates than the insured.