Carrots and Sticks: Fertility Effects of China's Population Policies
利用1992年家庭经济与生育调查数据，首次从微观经济学角度实证分析中国人口政策对生育率下降的作用，为政策效果争议提供直接证据。
For 20 years following 1949, average total fertility per woman in China hovered just above six children. The year 1970 marked the beginning of persistent fertility declines. By 1980, the rate had dropped to 2.75, and since 1992 it has remained under 2. While some of this transition can be accounted for by broad socioeconomic developments, the extent to which it is attributable to China's unique population policies remains controversial. This paper analyzes household data from the 1992 Household Economy and Fertility Survey (HEFS) to provide the first direct microeconomic empirical evidence on the efficacy of these policies.