The Hidden Costs of Control
通过实验研究委托代理关系中控制对代理人动机的影响，发现控制会因被感知为不信任和限制自主权而降低代理人绩效，对委托人收益呈非单调效应。
We analyze the consequences of control on motivation in an experimental principal-agent game, where the principal can control the agent by implementing a minimum performance requirement before the agent chooses a productive activity. Our results show that control entails hidden costs since most agents reduce their performance as a response to the principal's controlling decision. Overall, the effect of control on the principal's payoff is nonmonotonic. When asked for their emotional perception of control, most agents who react negatively say that they perceive the controlling decision as a signal of distrust and a limitation of their choice autonomy.