Manufacturing and the Convergence Hypothesis: What the Long-Run Data Show
基于英美德长期数据，发现制造业劳动生产率比GDP更稳定，趋同主要来自其他部门和结构变化，美欧生产率差距与资本无关而源于技术选择。
The commonly accepted chronology for comparative productivity levels, based on GDP data, does not apply to the manufacturing sector, which shows evidence of a much greater degree of stationarity of comparative labor productivity performance among the major industrialized countries of Britain, Germany, and the United States. These results for manufacturing suggest that convergence of GDP per worker must have occurred through trends in other sectors and through compositional effects of structural change. The persistent, large labor productivity gap between the United States and Europe cannot be explained simply by differences in capital per worker, but is related to technological choice.