Personnel department expenditures and labor productivity
分析了11家大型铁路公司六年间的人事部门支出与总产出的关系，发现两者存在显著偏相关，但控制资产和劳动力规模后，各公司无法通过调整人事支出提高生产率。
Abstract Empirical evidence relating personnel department budgets to desired organizational outcomes remains sketchy and inconclusive. An analysis was conducted of the relationship between previous year's personnel department expenditures and total annual output, for 11 large railroads over a six‐year period. There was a significant partial correlation between these two variables. However, after controlling for total assets and workforce size, a regression analysis indicated that individual railroads were unable to adjust their personnel department expenditures over time to maximize productivity. Implications for research and practice are discussed.