Social Identity and the Formation of Health Insurance Networks
基于坦桑尼亚非正式保险网络的追踪调查，发现保险转移并非出于自利个体的互惠风险分担，而是发生在亲属间的无回报转移，暗示利他或社会规范的作用。
Abstract In a panel survey of an informal insurance network in Tanzania we find none of the tell-tale signs that insurance transfers follow reciprocal risk sharing arrangements among self-interested individuals: insurance remittances do not occur through informal loans; transfers are not regressive; and they do not fall when shocks are repeated over time. The evidence of unreciprocated transfers occurring between kin is suggestive of risk sharing based on altruism or social norms.