Informational Efficiency and Information Subsets
提出了一个更正式精确的有效市场假说定义，认为市场相对于信息集φ有效当且仅当向所有交易者揭示φ不会改变均衡价格和投资组合，并具有子集性质。
ABSTRACT This paper proposes a new definition of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis with respect to information, which is more formal and precise than those of Rubinstein [13] , Fama [4] , Jensen [6] , and Beaver [1] , and which fits well as a framework for interpreting the many tests of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis in the literature. Security markets are here considered “efficient with respect to information set ϕ ” if and only if revealing ϕ to all agents would change neither equilibrium prices nor portfolios. In addition to other desirable features, this definition has the “subset property”: efficiency with respect to ϕ implies efficiency with respect to any subset of ϕ .