Inward foreign direct investment and employment: a project-based analysis in north-east England
分析1985-1998年英格兰东北部外资工厂项目的就业模式，发现项目活动与类型决定就业数量，但投资集中在少数项目，而就业集中度较低，质疑这种集中对区域发展和就业的最优性。
The paper examines the pattern of jobs in projects implemented by foreign-owned plants in the north east of England over the period 1985–1998. It analyses the characteristics of projects generating a greater or smaller number of jobs. The paper finds a substantial concentration of investment in a relatively small number of projects, but that the jobs are much less so. At the project level, the characteristics that are important for determining the number of jobs are the project activity and type (i.e. start-up, acquisition, joint venture or re-investment), but other factors have no influence. However, in aggregate, the paper finds that there is a substantial concentration of jobs by the country of origin, the location and by the manufacturing activity. It also finds that the national inward investment agencies tend to concentrate their efforts on certain kinds of project. It concludes by questioning the optimality of this concentration of inward investment for regional development and employment.