VALUING ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
回顾了环境损害的经济理论与测量方法，介绍了支付意愿、补偿变差和等价变差等货币度量概念，并讨论了风险下的度量选择及三种常用估算方法，适合环境经济学研究者快速了解核心框架。
The purpose of this paper is to review the most important parts of the economic theory and measurement of environmental damage. The paper is structured as follows. Section 2 introduces the willingness to pay concept and money measures such as the compensating variation and the equivalent variation. This section also offers an interpretation of money measures in terms of the outcome of a referendum. Section 3 defines the total value of an environmental asset, in order to give the reader an idea of the complexity of the money measures used in recent empirical studies. Section 4 and 5 introduce risk or uncertainty and discuss the choice of money measure in a risky world. In section 6, three frequently employed methods for the estimation of money measures are introduced. The paper ends with some remarks regarding the limitations of these approaches to decision making. Copyright 1990 by Oxford University Press.