The emergence of a small‐scale engineering sector: The case of tubewell production in the Pakistan Punjab
研究解释了一个已有大型企业主导的行业中，为何能出现大量小型企业，并分析其通过垂直专业化、占据低质低价市场而生存的机制。
This article explains the emergence of a substantial‐sized small‐scale sector in an industry in which a number of large enterprises were already well established. The barrier normally set up by the requirements associated with large‐scale production was overcome by small enterprises practising vertical specialisation. The survival of the small‐scale sector was ensured by these units occupying the low‐quality, low‐price segment of the market and the large firms having access to more protected and lucrative markets.