Marshall's theory of value: the role of external economies
指出，马歇尔在调和竞争与长期平均成本下降时，外部经济只起次要作用，后续学者对此存在误解。
The view that Alfred Marshall relied upon the assumption of 'external economies' in his attempt to reconcile the existence of 'competition' and decreasing long-run average costs continues to attract many supporters. However, it is argued here that, in Marshall's writings, external economies were to play only a very minor role in the reconciliation exercise. Subsequent writers' emphasis on the role of external economies is shown to reflect a lack of understanding of the object of Marshall's (as opposed to the 'Marshallians') reconciliation problem. (c) 1996 Academic Press Limited Copyright 1996 by Oxford University Press.