Population Size: Individual Choice and Social Optima
探讨内生生育率下的人口最优规模，比较边沁和密尔两种社会福利标准，并证明通过税收补贴方案可实现社会最优，同时指出边沁标准下的人口规模总是大于密尔标准，但自由放任下的人口规模无法一概而论。
Optimal population size when fertility is endogenous is considered in relation to two social welfare criteria, a Benthamite and a Millian, and in relation to purely individualistic maximization of utility in the current generation. We show that a tax-subsidy scheme involving child allowances and subsidies to future generation consumption can be found to support a social optimum through individual choice. A general proof that the optimal population size according to the Benthamite criterion is always larger than that given by the Millian criterion is presented, but we show that no general conclusions about the size of the population under laissez-faire are possible.