Organizations and Humiliation: Looking beyond Elias
批评埃利亚斯文明化进程理论的局限，提出以羞辱过程为核心的分析框架，区分羞辱与羞耻，构建羞辱机制类型学，并探讨组织与宏观社会历史中羞辱的作用，为组织类型学研究奠定基础。
Elias's approach to the civilizing process is discussed and some of its limitations outlined. An alternative approach focusing upon humiliation is introduced. The paper argues that humiliation processes play an important part in organizations and in the broader social environment in which they are embedded. It is also claimed that to understand humiliation it is necessary to grasp its relationship to hierarchy, history and human rights. That means first stepping back so that the broader socio-historical framework can be considered, then moving back in close to see how humiliation mechanisms may work in particular organizational contexts. A typology of humiliation mechanisms is introduced, humiliation is distinguished from shame and an interpretation of certain macro-historical developments is outlined in terms of humiliation processes. The preceding analysis lays the groundwork for a typology of organizations with particular reference to their implications for humiliation. The concluding part suggests a research agenda and draws the argument together.