Self-Management as a Substitute for Leadership: A Social Learning Theory Perspective
基于社会学习理论，探讨自我管理如何替代领导力，通过设定个人标准、自我评估和自我奖惩来管理行为，并介绍自我观察、目标设定等具体技术，帮助领导者培养下属的自我管理能力。
Kerr [1976] has coined the term “substitutes for leaders hip” in reference to nonleader sources of task structure and direction. We focus on one such substitute, the capability of the follower for self-management Individuals manage their own behaviors by setting personal standards, evaluating their performance in terms of these standards, and by self-administering consequences based on their self-evaluations. Specific techniques such as self-observation, goal specification, cueing strategies, incentive modification, and rehearsal can be used to exercise self-management behavior. Organizational leaders can help subordinates develop self-management skills.