Thinking About Implementation
运用认知心理学观点，探讨管理者在实施过程中如何产生不同的感知、归因和推断，并以一个城市学区的管理创新案例说明这些认知差异如何影响实施效果。
This article is about the cognitive aspects of implementation. Recent ideas from cognitive psychology are used to explore the role of differential perceptions, attributions, and inferences in how people, especially managers, think about implementation. Illustrative data are presented from a case of managerial innovation in one urban school district. In the course of implementing the innovations management-by-objectives program-some perceptions, attributions, and inferences shifted over time, but initial major differences associated with organizational position and commitment to the innovation did not change. Implications are suggestedfor managers and for researchers who study implementation.