Strategic response to GMOs by GM-free countries
研究一个大型农产品出口国在是否批准转基因产品时的决策困境，发现标签制度的有无决定了最优批准策略，且知识产权保护不足会阻碍批准。
This article examines the dilemma of a large exporting country of an agricultural product that has to determine whether or not to approve genetically modified (GM) products with or without a labelling regime. We derive two main results. First, the approval decision on GM products is specific to the labelling regime: approval of GM products is optimal under a labelling regime, whereas non-approval is optimal in the absence of a mandatory labelling requirement. Second, the inability to protect the innovator's rent through IPR enforcement can prevent the approval of GM products.