Calorie Posting in Chain Restaurants
利用星巴克交易数据，研究发现强制标注卡路里使每笔交易平均热量下降6%，主要源于食物选择变化，对饮料无影响，且未损害星巴克利润。
We study the impact of mandatory calorie posting on consumers' purchase decisions using detailed data from Starbucks. We find that average calories per transaction fall by 6 percent. The effect is almost entirely related to changes in consumers' food choices—there is almost no change in purchases of beverage calories. There is no impact on Starbucks profit on average, and for the subset of stores located close to their competitor Dunkin Donuts, the effect of calorie posting is actually to increase Starbucks revenue. Survey evidence and analysis of commuters suggests the mechanism for the effect is a combination of learning and salience.