Accumulation of knowledge and accumulation of capital in early 'theories' of growth and development
论证了在亚当·斯密之前，经济进步主要被视为基于知识积累；而杜尔哥和斯密提出的资本概念使追随者聚焦于资本，忽视了知识的独立作用，这一范式转变虽被边沁等人挑战但未产生持久影响。
This paper argues that prior to Adam Smith economic progress was largely conceived as being based on the accumulation of knowledge. The development by Turgot and Smith of a concept of capital that subsumed other factors contributing to development led their followers to focus on capital to the neglect of the independent role of knowledge. The paper demonstrates that this paradigmatic shift was identified and challenged by Bentham, Hodgskin and Rae who argued for the independent role of innovation but without lasting impact. Copyright The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society. All rights reserved., Oxford University Press.