How deficiencies in motivation to manage contribute to the United States' competitiveness problem (and what can be done about it)
论证管理动机是管理效能的关键因素，指出美国大学生管理动机在1960-70年代下降，导致美国相对其他国家缺乏管理动机，进而影响竞争力，并探讨了招聘、培训和组织设计等解决方案。
Abstract Data are presented to support the argument that motivation to manage is a major cause of managerial effectiveness, that it declined sharply in the college population during the activism of the 1960s and early 1970s, and that it is now severely lacking in the United States relative to many other countries. Thus America's competitiveness problems appear to be largely motivational in nature. Possible solutions are discussed, including recruiting and selecting for managerial motivation, increasing motivation to manage using training and development techniques, and changing organizational designs (telescoping the scalar chain, moving managerial tasks into non‐managerial positions, resorting to professional forms, and expanding venture structures). © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.