Capital Shortages and Persistent Unemployment
估计了欧洲共同体过去十年因投资低迷导致的资本缺口，认为投资需回升20%才能吸收失业，但产能短缺是暂时的，真正障碍在劳动力市场，政策不应偏向投资。
Capital shortage Charles Bean Over the last 10 years the rate of investment has been depressed throughout the European Community, Some people believe that as a result there is insufficient capacity to absorb the unemployed in the event of a recovery in real demand. I estimate the size of this 'capital gap' and find that investment may need to rise by as much as 20% above the levels experienced during the first half of the 1980s, However, this represents no more than a return to the investment rates of the early 1970s, Furthermore firms will respond to capital shortages by installing new capital provided it is profitable. Thus the required resurgence in investment will arise automatically, so that capacity shortages are likely to be a temporary phenomenon at worst. The real obstacles to a rapid return to full employment lie elsewhere, paticularly in the labour market. The presence of such transient capacity shortages during any sustained recovery does not, by itself, justify policy measures discriminating in favour of investment, for there is no obvious market failure involved. However, a sustained recovery will almost certainly be associated with a significant spurt in investment. It is quite appropriate for this to be financed by borrowing from abroad, so governments should be willing to see a deterioration in their current accounts and should not adopt deflationary macroeconomic policies to restrain demand.