Determinants of ambulatory treatment mode for mental illness
研究使用双变量probit模型分析美国居民选择精神专科门诊治疗和/或使用精神药物的决定因素，发现教育、性别、种族和民族显著影响治疗选择，并讨论了这些差异可能反映的患者偏好或偏见。
We estimate a reduced-form bivariate probit model to analyse jointly the choice of ambulatory treatment from the specialty mental health sector and/or the use of psychotropic drugs for a nationally representative sample of US household residents. We find significant differences in treatment choice by education, gender, race and ethnicity, while controlling for several aspects of self-reported mental health and treatment attitudes. For example, while women are more likely than men to use the specialty mental health sector and more likely to take psychotropic medications, this difference between men and women is much greater for psychotropic medications. The estimated differences may reflect patient preferences in a manner traditionally assumed when interpreting these coefficients in such equations, but we discuss how they may also reflect biases and misperceptions on the parts of patients and providers. We also discuss how our results relate to some findings and policies in the general health care sector.