Pricing-to-Market in a Ricardian Model of International Trade
在一个简单的李嘉图国际贸易模型中引入不完全竞争和可变加成，研究企业层面和总体层面的按市场定价现象，发现贸易成本和不完全竞争共同解释了该现象，而贸易成本对解释贸易品价格高波动性至关重要。
We study the implications for international relative prices of a simple Ricardian model of international trade with imperfect competition and variable markups, providing a tractable account of firm-level and aggregate prices. We show that both trade costs and imperfect competition with variable markups are needed to account for pricing-to-market at the firm and aggregate levels. We also show that international trade costs are essential, but pricing-to-market is not, to account for a high volatility of tradeable consumer prices relative to the overall CPI-based real-exchange rate.