Are U.S. Nontariff Barriers Retaliatory? An Application of Extreme Bounds Analysis in the Tobit Model
扩展了极端边界分析法到Tobit模型，用于分析美国对主要贸易伙伴的非关税壁垒是否具有报复性，发现结果稳健且显著。
The extreme bounds analysis in Leamer (1982) is extended to the Tobit model with censoring. The extension involves the simple modification of replacing the censored values of the dependent variable by their expectation conditional on the MLEs and using the negative of the Hessian evaluated at the MLEs in place of the inverse of the covariance matrix. The application of this method to a data set that pools U.S. nontariff barriers across industries and countries arrives at the surprisingly robust (to changes in the prior) conclusion that U.S. nontariff barriers against its largest trading partners are already significantly retaliatory. Copyright 1995 by MIT Press.