FUNDING THE WELFARE STATE
研究了英国社保、医疗、教育和住房服务的资金流动，分析税收及其他收入资助这些服务的路径变化、资金分配及老龄化对成本的影响，发现未来压力虽小于其他国家，但增支与减税存在冲突，解决之道在于更多使用间接资助方式。
This paper examines the flow of funds for social security, health, education and housing services in the UK. It looks at the changing routes by which tax and other revenues fund such services; allocation of these funds, in particular the implications of the growth of decentralisation and 'quasi-markets' in public service delivery, cross-sectional, life cycle, and inter-generational distributional effects of welfare benefits and services taking into account revenue sources; and the effects of an aging population on likely future costs. The paper concludes that, while the future pressures on public welfare spending are much less severe in the UK than in other comparable countries, there remains a conflict between these upward pressures and political aspirations for lower taxes. The likely resolution of this conflict lies in greater use of indirect funding routes, including user charges compulsory transfers which by-pass government, and earmarked revenues for particular services. Copyright 1995 by Oxford University Press.