Estimating the Degree of Market Power in the Beef Packing Industry
扩展了评估垄断势力的方法，使其也能衡量买方垄断势力，并用美国牛肉包装行业数据发现屠宰牛和批发牛肉市场存在微小但统计显著的垄断/买方垄断价格扭曲，但近期行业集中度上升并未显著降低竞争程度。
A technique for assessing the degree of monopoly power, developed by Appelbaum (1979, 1982), is extended here to permit measurement of monopsony power as well. Data from the U.S. beef packing industry are examined. The results reveal small, but statistically significant monopoly/monopsony price distortions in slaughter cattle and wholesale beef markets but, in spite of a recent trend toward heightened concentration in the industry, give no indication that performance has become appreciably less competitive of late.