The Informal Use of Formal Models
指出正式决策工具虽被需要，但使用需谨慎；实施方法会塑造和扭曲用户对自身认知与需求的评估，强调价值观和信念需通过与客户的互动来创造。
Formal decision making tools are greatly needed, but they must be used with great care. The methods used to implement such decision aids can shape and distort how users assess what they know and want. In order to exploit the potential of formal analytic techniques, it is necessary to acknowledge their fundamentally reactive character. Values and beliefs are not “out there” to be elicited but must be created through interaction with clients.