Contracts, opportunism and trust: self-interest and social orientation
区分了两种信任机制：自利信任（SIT）和社会取向信任（SOT），并分析了它们在孤立和重复交换中的作用，以及正式合同对交换关系的影响，有助于理解信任如何促进效率。
This paper analyses the role of trust in facilitating efficient exchange relations when agents are vulnerable to opportunistic behaviour. Two distinct mechanisms supporting trust are distinguished: self-interested trust, SIT, which is forwardlooking, and socially-oriented trust, SOT, which has its roots in the past. The former is the only source of trust recognised in the mainstream economics literature, while the latter draws heavily from sociology. We develop the implications of isolated and of repeated exchange for the existence of SIT or SIT, and for the role of formal contracts in exchange relations. The paper concludes with a discussion of the feasibility of empirical testing to distinguish SIT from SOT.