Truth's consequences
基于实证数据，探讨了低范式发展水平学科对学者职业生涯的负面影响，包括高离职率和职业不确定性，对管理学者和博士生有警示意义。
have extensively updated, expanded, and added their own empirical documentation to the extensive literature on the effects of the level of paradigm development on people and their careers. Their own empirical analyses provide specificity to the more general claims I made more than a decade ago about the wasted effort and career difficulties confronted by scholars and doctoral students in fields characterized by a low level of paradigm development (see, for instance, Zammuto & Connolly, 1984, for a discussion of the problems confronting doctoral students). Their estimates of the proportion of people who have graduated from top tier schools who have left the field within 2 decades of receiving their degree are truly shocking, given that these are graduates of the more highly rated programs and the generally beneficent job market that has characterized business schools over the period of their study. I could not agree more with the picture they have painted using both their own data as well as the research of others. Life in fields with low paradigm development is not always pleasant. How could it be, when faced with profound and irremediable technical uncertaintyuncertainty and randomness in the connection between people's decisions and actions and their consequences-individuals must nonetheless make decisions and devise actions to manage their own careers?