Is the EITC as Good as an NIT? Conditional Cash Transfers and Tax Incidence
模拟发现劳动所得税抵免（EITC）导致雇主通过降低工资获取大部分补贴，而负所得税（NIT）则使工人获得更多收益，每1美元EITC仅增加税后收入0.73美元，NIT则达1.39美元。
The EITC is intended to encourage work. But EITC-induced increases in labor supply may drive wages down. I simulate the economic incidence of the EITC. In each scenario that I consider, a large portion of low-income single mothers' EITC payments is captured by employers through reduced wages. Workers who are EITC ineligible also see wage declines. By contrast, a traditional Negative Income Tax (NIT) discourages work, and so induces large transfers from employers to their workers. With my preferred parameters, $1 in EITC spending increases after-tax incomes by $0.73, while $1 spent on the NIT yields $1.39.