Ricardian rents or Knightian profits? More on Austrian insights on strategic organization
探讨企业如何在非均衡条件下利用时间特定机会（如行业周期）制定战略，指出传统租金分析在非均衡中无效，并论证奥地利学派对战略研究的价值。
How firms pursue strategies that take advantage of time-specific opportunities, such as whether to enter an industry during an upturn or a downturn, is one of the great unexplored themes of strategic organization. The interesting feature of such strategic issues is that they arise only in conditions of disequilibrium. In such conditions the usual arguments utilized in strategy discourse, namely whether firms are capturing rents or not, provide little traction. This essay is concerned to explore such an issue and its implications for strategy reasoning and strategy research. While neoclassical economic orthodoxy is firmly focused on what happens at equilibrium, the Austrian tradition by contrast is concerned with disequilibrium, and specifically with the market process through which firms move towards an equilibrium position. As such, the Austrian tradition in economics continues to exercise, quite rightly, a fascination for scholars of strategy (Jacobson, 1992; Foss, 1994; Phelan and Lewin, 2000; Roberts and Eisenhardt, 2003). Most recently, Roberts and Eisenhardt (2003) compare Austrian insights for strategy with those from prevailing approaches to strategic organization. They argue that the competitive forces framework that relies on ‘a logic of positioning in relatively stable markets’ or the resource-based view, which relies on ‘a logic of resource leverage in incrementally changing markets’ may miss important features of modern business reality that are associated with market turbulence, uncertainty and disequilibrium. They suggest as an alternative to these established approaches an approach to strategy that relies on ‘a logic of sensing and seizing opportunities in turbulent markets’ in keeping with the tenets of Austrian economics and entrepreneurial dynamics. Their message is simple: the Austrian economic approach has much to offer strategy in that it provides a fresh view of the market as a process in disequilibrium, where real strategizing in conditions of uncertainty takes place. STRATEGIC ORGANIZATION Vol 4(1): 97–108 DOI: 10.1177/1476127006061034 Copyright ©2006 Sage Publications (London,Thousand Oaks, CA and New Delhi) http://soq.sagepub.com