The Silent and the Silenced in Organizational Knowing and Learning
探讨组织情境中沉默的概念，区分“沉默”与“被沉默”两种形式，提出包含多种认知方式（如隐性、直觉）和声音类型（如压抑、抑制）的分类法，并讨论其对管理教育与实践的意义。
Research on silence within organizations and learning is sparse. This article is concerned with exploring the concept of silence in organizational settings, delineating its various forms (silent and silenced) and critically examining the relevance of these various manifestations for management and organizational learning. Following a brief review of the concept of the Polanyian notion of tacitness and how it relates to our conceptualization of silence, we offer a taxonomy of silence comprised of several ways of knowing (tacit, intuitive, insightful and pre-conscious) and voice (repressed, withheld and suppressed). The theoretical and practical implications of the taxonomy for management education, training and development are discussed.