AN EVALUATION OF FORECAST ERROR IN MASTER PRODUCTION SCHEDULING FOR MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS PLANNING SYSTEMS.
研究了物料需求计划系统中常用预测误差指标（如均方误差）对成本影响的预测能力，发现这些指标效果不佳，而偏差和损失函数更能解释成本后果。
ABSTRACT Typical forecast‐error measures such as mean squared error, mean absolute deviation and bias generally are accepted indicators of forecasting performance. However, the eventual cost impact of forecast errors on system performance and the degree to which cost consequences are explained by typical error measures have not been studied thoroughly. The present paper demonstrates that these typical error measures often are not good predictors of cost consequences in material requirements planning (MRP) settings. MRP systems rely directly on the master production schedule (MPS) to specify gross requirements. These MRP environments receive forecast errors indirectly when the errors create inaccuracies in the MPS. Our study results suggest that within MRP environments the predictive capabilities of forecast‐error measures are contingent on the lot‐sizing rule and the product components structure When forecast errors and MRP system costs are coanalyzed, bias emerges as having reasonable predictive ability. In further investigations of bias, loss functions are evaluated to explain the MRP cost consequences of forecast errors. Estimating the loss functions of forecast errors through regression analysis demonstrates the superiority of loss functions as measures over typical forecast error measures in the MPS.