Determining Optimal Reorder Intervals in Capacitated Production-Distribution Systems
研究有产能限制的生产-分销系统中如何确定最优补货间隔，通过不变性推论简化单约束问题求解，并开发拉格朗日乘子法处理多约束问题，对运营管理者有参考价值。
The problem of determining consistent and realistic reorder intervals in complex production-distribution environments was formulated as a large scale, nonlinear, integer programming problem by Maxwell and Muckstadt (Maxwell, W. L., J. A. Muckstadt. 1985. Establishing consistent and realistic reorder intervals in production-distribution systems. Oper. Res. 33(6, November–December) 1316–1341.). They show how the special structure of the problem permits its solution by a standard network flow algorithm. In this paper, we review the Maxwell-Muckstadt model, provide necessary and sufficient conditions that characterize the solution, and show that the optimal partition of nodes in the production-distribution network is invariant to an arbitrary scaling of the set-up and holding cost parameters. We consider two capacitated versions of the model: one with a single constrained work center, and the other with multiple constrained work centers. For single constraint problems, the invariance corollary provides a simple closed-form solution. For the multiple work center problem, the invariance corollary is exploited in the development of a Lagrange multiplier method of solution. The technique is illustrated by means of a small example problem and a problem taken from a real industrial setting.