What norms trigger punishment?
基于大量实验数据，本研究揭示了监督者最常使用的惩罚规范，发现惩罚决策应分为是否惩罚和惩罚多少两个独立过程，且绝对规范比群体平均规范更符合数据，内外群体惩罚受不同规范影响。
Abstract Many experiments have demonstrated the power of norm enforcement— peer monitoring and punishment—to maintain, or even increase, contributions in social dilemma settings, but little is known about the underlying norms that monitors use to make punishment decisions, either within or across groups. Using a large sample of experimental data, we empirically recover the set of norms used most often by monitors and show first that the decision to punish should be modeled separately from the decision of how much to punish. Second, we show that absolute norms often fit the data better than the group average norm often assumed in related work. Third, we find that different norms seem to influence the decisions about punishing violators inside and outside one's own group.