Labor Market Effects of Social Programs: Evidence from India's Employment Guarantee
研究了印度大型农村工作福利项目对私人就业和工资的影响，发现公共部门雇佣挤出了私人部门工作并提高了私人部门工资，且贫困人口从工资上涨中获得的福利收益显著。
We estimate the effect of a large rural workfare program in India on private employment and wages by comparing trends in districts that received the program earlier relative to those that received it later. Our results suggest that public sector hiring crowded out private sector work and increased private sector wages. We compute the implied welfare gains of the program by consumption quintile. Our calculations show that the welfare gains to the poor from the equilibrium increase in private sector wages are large in absolute terms and large relative to the gains received solely by program participants.