Latent Thresholds Analysis of Choice Data under Value Uncertainty
针对非市场估值中受访者不确定支付意愿的问题，提出一种潜在阈值估计量，通过分析个体支付意愿的范围（最小值和最大值）来推断价值分布，无需对分布形状做严格假设。
In many non‐market valuation settings stakeholders will be uncertain as to their exact willingness‐to‐pay for a proposed environmental amenity. It then makes sense for the analyst to treat this value as a random variable with distribution only known to the respondent. In stated preference settings, researchers have used elicitation formats with multiple bids and uncertain‐response options to learn about individual value distributions. Past efforts have focused on inference involving the expectation of individual densities. This requires stringent and likely unrealistic assumptions regarding the shape or moments of individual value distributions. We propose a Latent Thresholds Estimator that focuses instead on the range , i.e. minimum and maximum willingness‐to‐pay of individual respondents. The estimator efficiently exploits correlation patterns in individual responses and does not require any restrictive assumptions on underlying values. It also nests some of the existing approaches, which are not statistically supported for our empirical application.