EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND CORPORATE OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE: AN EXAMINATION OF EXTRAORDINARY ITEM REPORTING
考察1960-1966年间美国公司所有权结构（三类分类）与利用非常项目报告进行盈余管理的关系，发现非所有者管理者倾向于增加利润，且三类分类优于传统的两分法。
This study examines the empirical relation between a three‐way classification of corporate ownership structure and earnings management through the use of extraordinary item (EI) reporting. The EI reporting decisions examined are those made during 1960‐1966, a time period when US reporting standards allowed considerable management discretion with respect to both the classification of EIs and their placement in the financial statements (i.e., income. versus retained earnings statement). Overall, the results provide strong support for income‐increasing behavior by non‐owner managers. Importantly, the results also suggest that the three‐way ownership classification scheme used in this study is superior to the dichotomous owner‐controlled/managercontrolled classification typically used in accounting studies.