Multi-Technology Corporations: Why They Have “Distributed” Rather Than “Distinctive Core” Competencies
指出公司技术能力分布比生产活动更广且日益增加，挑战了核心能力聚焦、创新破坏能力、外包技术能力及业务聚焦等传统管理观念，认为这些观念若极端化可能带来危险。
Technological diversity in corporations is a driving force behind four major features of contemporary business: corporate growth; increasing R&D investment; increasing external linkage for new technologies by various means and opportunities to engage in technology-related new businesses. Corporate technological competencies are dispersed over a wider range of sectors than their production activities, and this range is increasing. Technologies are not the same as products arid must be dealt with differently. Increases in technological diversity in both companies and products challenge conventional wisdom and a number of widely accepted management concepts. This article challenges four of these notions: first, that for every company there exists a narrow set of core technological competencies on which the company should focus; second, that major new innovations are often associated with major "competence destruction;" third, that companies should not only downsize but disintegrate and out-source technological competencies just like production; and fourth, that companies should focus or specialize on a narrow set of core businesses. These notions do contain some truth, and they do apply in sonic companies in some periods of their life. However, as with any simple concept, they can be dangerous when carried to extremes